Tuesday, July 14, 2020

DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION AND THE SPREAD OF COVID-19


 By Lawrence Sunday Ogwang
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What is health communication?
Health communication is the study and practice of communicating promotional health information, such as in public health campaigns, health education, and between doctor and patient. The purpose of disseminating health information is to influence personal health choices by improving health literacy. It is usually intended to influence people’s knowledge, decisions, actions and attitudes towards a health issue inform and influence to improve health.
This can be achieved through the notion of communication as linear where information flows from top to bottom and the receivers only take in the message given them. Alternatively, health communication can be achieved through participatory approach. Thus, the two-way model which recognizes that communication is a complex and dynamic process of interaction in which people individually and or collectively take control of their welfare. This approach treasures interaction and feedback.
Health communication is sometimes considered a special

PRINCIPLES OF MEDIA MANAGEMENT


 By Lawrence Sunday Ogwang
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a) Kidder’s ethical decision-making format is an appropriate process in making ethical decisions in media management and practice. How applicable is this to Uganda’s media environment?
Ethical dilemmas in media are common and can create challenges to workplace harmony that can disrupt the exchange of ideas and block actions critical to establishing an ethical media culture. Even when media organizations have great policies and procedures and follow the laws and regulations, there’s still a high risk of unethical behavior. In situations like this, there are several ethical decision-making format including Kidder’s that media organization is supposed to employ in order to get out of trouble.
Kidder’s ethical decision-making format is an appropriate process in making ethical decisions in media management and practice. It is applicable to Uganda’s media environment in the following ways:

THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN FIGHTING THE SPREAD OF COVID-19


 By Lawrence Sunday Ogwang
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Uganda registered the first case of covid-19 in March 2020. Discuss the role played by media against the rapid spread of corona virus in Uganda.


According to Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Africa (CHRDA) (2020), the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-12COV-2).The coronavirus was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan-China. It has since spread to other countries across the globe, more than four million cases have been reported, resulting in more than three hundred thousand deaths. It is not all gloomy, as close to two million people have also recovered.
The virus is mostly spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced during coughing, sneezing, or talking. The virus can survive on the surface for up to 72 hours. Currently, there is no vaccine for COVID-19 while researchers are doing their best in discovering the vaccine.
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30th January 2020 and a pandemic on 11th March 2020.
One of the prime measures to combat the spread of COVID-19 pandemic is for the population to stay aware of accurate and reliable information about its development around the world. This measure encompasses creating awareness and disseminating other preventive measures to the public through various media platforms and local means. With its devastating effects, the media both local and international has been and is still playing a great role in an attempt to curve the spread of the pandemic.
Media houses across the globe

MEDIA EFFECTS



By Lawrence Sunday Ogwang
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 The applicability of the all-powerful media effect phase
Introduction
Since the inception of communication as disciple of knowledge, scholars have come up with many theories related to its different components. Media as one of its component has been highly discussed and studied. 
Books as the earliest medium has had substantial influential effect upon scholars and readers. With the increment in number of media, their influence too has increased. Based on the observations, academicians have put forward many theories describing the effect of these media. Until now, there are four dominant theories.

NOTES ON ANIMAL FARM (George Orwell)


 By Lawrence Sunday Ogwang
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ANIMAL FARM COMMENTARY
Characters in the Novel
a)    The Animals
Old Major: An old boar (pig) whose speech about the evils perpetrated by humans incites the animals into rebellion. His philosophy concerning the tyranny of Man is named Animalism by his followers. He also teaches the song "Beasts of England" to the animals.
Snowball: A boar who becomes one of the rebellion's most valuable leaders. After drawing complicated plans for the construction of a windmill, he is chased off of the farm forever by Napoleon's dogs and thereafter used as a scapegoat for the animals' troubles.
Napoleon: A boar (pig) who, with Snowball, leads the rebellion against Jones. After the rebellion's success, he systematically begins to control all aspects of the farm until he turned out into an undisputed tyrant.
Squealer: A consummate liar and a pig who becomes Napoleon's mouthpiece. Throughout the novel, he displays his ability to manipulate the animals' thoughts through the use of heavy yet convincing rhetoric and lies.
Boxer: A dedicated but dimwitted horse who aids in the building of the windmill but is sold to a glue-boiler after collapsing from exhaustion. Best known for his adage “Napoleon is always right”.
Mollie: Self-centered and a vain horse who prefers ribbons and sugar over ideas and rebellion. She is eventually lured off the farm with promises of a comfortable life.
Clover: A motherly horse who silently questions some of Napoleon's decisions and tries to help Boxer after his collapse.
Benjamin: A cynical, pessimistic donkey who continually undercuts the animals' enthusiasm with his cryptic remark, "Donkeys live a long time." Never inspired by the rebellion.
Moses: A tame raven and sometimes pet of Jones who tells the animals stories about a paradise called Sugar candy Mountain. He is alluded to the biblical Moses.
Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher Three dogs. The nine puppies born between Jessie and Bluebell are taken by Napoleon and raised to be his guard dogs.
b)    The Humans
Mr. Jones The often-drunk owner of Manor Farm, later expelled from his land by his own animals. He dies after abandoning his hopes to reclaim his farm by excessively intoxicating himself.
Mrs. Jones:  Jones' wife, who flees from the farm when the animals rebel.
Mr. Whymper: A solicitor hired by Napoleon to act as an intermediary in Animal Farm's trading with neighboring farms.
Mr. Pilkington: The owner of Foxwood, a neighboring and neglected farm. He eventually sells some of his land to Napoleon and, in the novel's final scene, toasts to Napoleon's success.
Mr. Frederick: An enemy of Pilkington and owner of Pinch field, another neighboring farm. Known for "driving hard bargains," Frederick swindles Napoleon by buying timber from him with counterfeit money. He later tries to attack and seize Animal Farm but is defeated.

THE SETTING OF THE NOVEL ANIMAL FARM
Animal Farm is a satirical novel by George Orwell written in metaphorical language to demonstrate the political upheavals during the years of Russian Revolution. However, the story itself doesn't take place during a specific period, but it is meant to parallel the years of the Russian Revolution. As a satire, the novel addresses that Revolution, and thus mimics those events which took place between the years of 1917 to 1945.
The novel is set on an imaginary

Saturday, May 23, 2020

ANIMAL FARM; GENERAL PLOT ANALYSIS


By Lawrence Sunday
 Animal Farm, by George Orwell,  is a political novel written in a highly satirical language to ridicule Russian political struggles.  The central struggle of Animal Farm arises when the animals’ desire for freedom and equality is
corrupted by the consolidation of political power amongst the pigs. The animals’ original goal is expressed in the first chapter, in Old Major’s teachings and especially in “Beasts of England,” the song that becomes the anthem of Animal Farm.
At the beginning of the novella,

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Potter Box model of Ethical decision making


Introduction
The Potter Box is an ethical framework used to make decisions by utilizing four categories which Potter identifies as universal to all ethical dilemmas. The Potter Box uses four dimensions of moral analysis to help in situations where ethical dilemmas occur: Facts, Values, Principles, and Loyalties.
It was introduced by Ralph Potter, a Harvard philosopher and theologian. This model is a tool for making an effective ethical decision,